Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
, 6, 40–43, 50, 80, 84, 86
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
, 92–93
Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCE)
, 10, 20, 127, 135, 139–140
Traditional knowledge (TK)
, 7, 74–75
advancement of science
, 23–24
Africa
, 122–124
agriculture
, 18
Biodiversity Act
, 2002, 108–111
biological resources
, 10
bio-piracy
, 1, 11
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
, 27, 35–40
Copyright Act
, 1957, 107–108
cultural identity
, 26
defensive protection
, 76–78
definition
, 1, 15–17
economic importance
, 21–22
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
, 31–33
food security
, 25
Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act
, 1999, 106
importance
, 22
indigenous communities
, 22
initiatives, India
, 98
intellectual property right (IPR)
, 97
international milestones
, 27–28
international union
, 28–31
medicinal benefit
, 22–23
misappropriation
, 1, 12
Panama
, 120–122
Patent Act of India
, 98
The Philippines
, 118–120
positive protection
, 75–76
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001. See Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer's Rights Act, 2001
Seeds Bill
, 116–118
traditional cultural expressions (TCE)
, 20
World Intellectual Protection Organization (WIPO)
, 33–35
World Trade Organization (WTO)
, 40–43
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
, 88–90
Traditional medicines
, 21, 23
definition
, 23
insofar
, 62
traditional knowledge (TK)
, 1
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
, 88
Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI)
, 69