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This study explores the factors that promote university teachers' switching intention from a traditional classroom to a smart classroom based on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) framework to enrich the theoretical research on the smart classroom and provide a reference for smart classroom promotion.

The proposed conceptual framework was developed from a comprehensive review of the related literature. This study tested and validated the proposed framework using a partial least square structural equation model based on 269 valid questionnaires.

(1) Perceived inefficiency, inquiry-based learning, future expectation and technical self-efficacy had significant effects on switching intention, while low participation, perceived usefulness and habit had no significant effects on university teachers’ switching intention in the smart classroom. (2) In the process of decision-making, the course category significantly moderates the impact of perceived inefficiency and technical self-efficacy on switching intention, while the user experience of smart classrooms significantly moderates the impact of perceived inefficiency on switching intention.

This study explains university teachers' switching intention from a traditional classroom to the smart classroom, which enriches the application area of the PPM framework.

Drawing on the Push-Pull-Mooring model, this study sheds light on the factors that drive tourists to switch from traditional hotels to peer-to-peer accommodation (P2PA) in light of the global spread of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Data have been collected from 380 participants through an online pan India survey. The data were mainly analyzed by adopting structural equation modeling.

All the three categories of push, pull and mooring factors are crucial in explaining tourists' switching intentions from hotels to P2PA. Out of all the factors, subjective norm came out to be the most significant factor while satiation (push factor) and authentic experiences (pull factor) also came out to be important indicators.

The findings of this study carry implications for hoteliers as well as P2PA platform hosts. Hotels need to re-conceptualize their standard services, décor and amenities while P2PA hosts need to continue providing authentic experiences and also comply with all the Covid-19 norms.

The study offers a comprehensive PPM model to determine tourists' intentions to switch from hotels to P2PA. Moreover, this paper is one of the early studies to provide insights into tourists' switching intentions amidst Covid-19.

Airline self-service technology (SST) has attracted attention from both the academic and aviation sectors. As the use of SST can reduce airlines’ operating costs, investigating SST usage at airports is particularly important for the aviation sector. The extant literature has explored users’ SST usage intention, but users’ switching intentions from traditional manual counter services to SST is still limited. Therefore, to address this issue, we used the push–pull–mooring (PPM) theoretical framework to develop a research model to explore user switching intention.

We utilized a mixed-methods approach. A qualitative approach (i.e., semistructured interviews) was first employed to recognize and choose the candidate factors. Then, we collected 450 valid responses through an online survey to test the model. The partial least squares method was used for data analysis.

We found that several push (perceived dissatisfaction and perceived inconvenience), pull (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and service process fit), and mooring (personal innovativeness and inertia) factors significantly influence switching intention. Additionally, mooring factors exert contextual effects on the relationships between push and switching intentions and between pull factors and switching intentions.

This study contributes to the literature by further increasing our understanding of user switching intentions regarding SSTs from the PPM perspective and offering guidance for the aviation sector to attract and retain customers.

Social media platforms are currently facing the challenge of declining user activity. Building on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) framework, the current study developed a research model to evaluate factors that affect Facebook discontinuance.

The proposed research model assessed how push factors (e.g. Facebook fatigue and dissatisfaction), a pull factor (e.g. alternative attractiveness) and mooring factors (e.g. personal norms and habit of using Facebook) affected the discontinued usage behavior regarding Facebook. The proposed research model was validated using empirical data (n = 412) collected from Facebook users.

Facebook fatigue, dissatisfaction and alternative attractiveness significantly and positively affected discontinued Facebook usage. Personal norms and habit of using Facebook had a converse influence in this regard. Dissatisfaction had a stronger positive impact than Facebook fatigue and alternative attractiveness on the discontinued usage behavior regarding Facebook. Habits of using Facebook had a greater negative effect than personal norms of using Facebook on the discontinued usage behavior regarding Facebook by users.

This study extends extant literature on social media discontinuance to identify the antecedents of discontinuous usage behavior in social media. This study enriches the literature on social media discontinuance by shedding light on the different degrees of effect of the push, pull and mooring factors on discontinuous social media usage behavior.

Drawing upon a push-pull-mooring model and the literature on behavioral loyalty, this research aims to examine the underlying factors and mechanisms that influence switching intention in the context of professional sport in Japan.

Using a two-wave survey design (pregame and postgame surveys), we collected data from 367 fans of a professional soccer team in Japan. Our data included three push factors (quality, satisfaction, and perceived value of the current favorite team), a pull factor (alternative team attractiveness), a mooring factor (team identification), and behavioral loyalty and switching intention to the alternative team. We used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses.

A mediation analysis revealed that perceived value of an individual’s current favorite team was negatively associated with behavioral loyalty to an alternative team, whereas attractiveness of the alternative team was positively associated with behavioral loyalty, which, in turn, resulted in fans’ switching intention. Latent moderated structural equation modeling further revealed the negative moderating effect of team identification with the current team on the relationship between behavioral loyalty and switching intention.

The findings provide new evidence about the role of behavioral loyalty in understanding sport consumers’ switching intention and highlight the importance of team identification that can foster a sustainable and long-term relationship between fans and their favorite sport teams.

Lightweight apps such as WeChat mini programs (WMPs) are an emerging mobile channel (m-channel) touchpoint that have gained remarkable popularity among consumers. Despite the focus of migration research on traditional m-channel touchpoints (e.g. native apps and mobile websites), but few researchers have examined why consumers switch from native to lightweight apps. Drawing on the push-pull-mooring framework, this study aims to identify the key factors influencing consumers' switching related to lightweight apps.

The data were collected using a questionnaire survey of 416 WMP consumers and the proposed model was analyzed through structural equation modeling.

The results show that the push effect, specifically, high privacy concern, nudges consumers away from native apps, whereas the pull effects, including relative ease of use, convenience of access and exit and socially-oriented interaction, entice consumers to lightweight apps. Further, consumer switching intention is influenced by habit and perceived technology control, both of which reflect the mooring effects. Switching intention also stands as an important precedent of actual behavior.

This study is among the first theoretical explorations of consumer switching across m-channel touchpoints in the context of mobile commerce. For information system practice, these findings provide new insights for both incumbent providers and newcomers on how to retain existing shoppers as well as attract potential shoppers effectively.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an extended Push-Pull-Mooring-Habit (PPMH) framework in order to better understand users’ intention of switching from offline to an online real-person English learning platform service.

Based on 301 valid responses collected from an online survey questionnaire, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the research model.

The causal model was validated using SmartPLS 3.0, and all study hypotheses were supported. The results show that push effects (learning convenience, service quality and perceived price), pull effects (e-learning motivation, perceived usefulness), mooring effects (learning engagement, switching cost and social presences) and habit effects (relationship inertia) all significantly influence users’ switching intentions from offline to an online real-person English learning platform.

The findings should help online English learning service providers and marketers to understand the intention of offline English learning users to switch to an online real-person English learning platform, and develop related theories, services and regulations.

The present study extends the prior research of an online real-person English learning platform by providing PPMH as the general framework and demonstrating its efficacy in explaining user switching intentions.

This study aims to attempt to investigate the factors that influence non-Muslims’ withdrawal behavioural intention from Islamic banking in Malaysia.

The push–pull–mooring approach is used to examine the determinants of withdrawal intention by non-Muslims from Islamic banking in Malaysia. Variables used in this study include religiosity (RELG) under push, deposit guarantee (DG), rate of return (RR), Islamic banks’ specific factors (IBSF) under pull and mooring factors as social influence (SI) and voluntary switching (VS) as the determinants of withdrawal intention from Islamic banking. In this study, the SPSS Statistics Version 22 and smart partial least squares were used to measure the withdrawal level.

Three variables, namely, SI, RR and IBSF are found to significantly influence the withdrawal behaviour intention. Meanwhile, three other variables, namely, RELG, DG and VS are not significant.

This study provides valuable insights pertaining to non-Muslim consumer withdrawal behaviour from Islamic banks. Bank managers, marketers and regulators could use these findings in developing effective strategies to increase and retain customer withdrawal.

This study expands the understanding of key determinants of the non-Muslim withdrawal behaviour from Islamic banks in Malaysia. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is among the pioneer empirical study to assess the issue.

The purpose of this study is to explore a theoretical model using the push-pull-mooring framework which adopts both direct and moderating effects, in relation to building antecedents of Muslim switching intention (SI) from using cash to mobile payment (m-payment).

The data collected were 317 respondents, then processed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach (SEM-PLS). Furthermore, advanced PLS techniques such as PLS predict, blindfolding and importance-performance map analysis are used to verify the statistical analysis of findings.

This research underlines the importance of religious commitment factor when talking about Muslims SI to use m-payment. Moreover, the features of m-payment, such as enjoyment, efficiency, security and convenience, have contributed to the driving and attracting factors for Muslim individuals to switch from cash to m-payment.

Fundamentally it is highly recommended that the highest concentration of service provider strategies is always obeying the principles of Islamic finance, with regard to the Muslim community as their target market. Specific to the government, the distribution of supporting infrastructure and literacy of new technologies such as m-payment are still important points in an effort to create a cashless society.

The model in this study emphasizes the internal and external construction of a Muslim in relation to the behavior of SI from using cash to m-payment. Thus, the construction of the model that has been built is considered to bring more relevant factors to explain the m-payment adoption behavior of a Muslim from various perspectives.

Recent years have witnessed the increasingly fierce competition amongst smartphone brands. Hence, smartphone firms urge to prevent current consumers from switching to maintain market position. Based on the push–pull–mooring (PPM) framework, this study aims to explore the drivers of users' intentions to switch from their current smartphone brands.

Based on previous literature and the characteristics of the smartphone purchase, this study identified one pushing, two pulling and five mooring factors. Online questionnaires were collected to test hypotheses using the structural equation modelling approach. An additional netnography study provides further support to the hypotheses.

Results show that regret is a push factor that enhances consumers' switching intentions. Moreover, two pull factors, subjective norms and alternative attractiveness positively influence consumers' switching intentions. Finally, switching costs, emotional commitment and brand community engagement are mooring factors that negatively affect brand-switching intention, whereas consumers' variety seeking has a positive effect.

This study enriches the brand switching literature and offers significant implications for customer retention.