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This case highlights the journey of the Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST) to adhere to the green organization initiatives. In 2016, the government of Pakistan announced its adherence to the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030 and asked the regulatory bodies to improvize accordingly. Following this announcement, the Higher Education Commission (HEC), the main regulatory body in Pakistan, instructed all universities to fulfill their responsibility toward environment and align themselves with UN-SDGs 2030. As a response to this call, in 2017, CUST decided to shift toward sustainability by making changes in its policies and strategic planning. The emphasis was vital to attract Gen Z, gain international recognition, and align with the Pakistan regulatory body of (HEC). In doing so, the management decided that the campus should go green. The installation of solar panels on campus was one such green initiative through which the university was able to produce 3,650 units per day. After a long and decisive struggle, the university has achieved eighth position in Universitas Indonesia-GreenMetric World Ranking 2020 and making the regulatory authority happier.

This literature review aims to assess the current research on healthcare job availability and skilled professionals. The objective of this research is to identify challenges caused by the imbalance between healthcare service demand and qualified professionals and propose potential solutions and future research directions.

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was employed as the guiding framework for conducting this review. A qualitative research design analyzed 38 peer-reviewed, evidence-based research works from 50 journal publications. Inclusion criteria focused on empirical studies, observational research and comprehensive reviews published within the last ten years. Thematic and discourse analysis categorized themes and factors explored in selected publications.

The findings highlight significant challenges in the healthcare sector regarding job availability and skilled professionals. Developed countries face understaffed healthcare facilities, resulting in increased workloads and compromised care. Developing countries experience high rates of unemployment among healthcare graduates due to limited resources and mentorship.

Improving educational infrastructure, expanding training opportunities and increasing healthcare investments are crucial for nurturing a skilled workforce. Implementing effective retention policies, fostering international collaborations and addressing socioeconomic determinants can create a sustainable job market.

The healthcare sector faces critical challenges in balancing job availability and skilled professionals. Strategic solutions are proposed to create a sustainable and equitable healthcare workforce. By implementing recommendations and conducting further research, access to quality healthcare and global public health outcomes can be improved.

Leaders have been facing serious challenges in managing organizations during COVID-19, which has brought the need for implementing sudden technological change across the globe. Hence, it was important to identify effective leadership styles to successfully manage the transformational process during the period. Therefore, the current study aims to explore and compare the effectiveness of transformational and ethical leadership (EL) in terms of achieving organizational goals during COVID-19 in public and private sector organizations in Pakistan.

Comparative research was carried out to find out the effectiveness of transformational and EL during and pre-COVID-19 in public and private sector organizations using the lens of social exchange theory. Data was collected from 214 respondents representing 67.6% of public and 32.4% of private sector organizations of Pakistan at two different points in time. Detailed comparative analyses were conducted in AMOS version 24 to assess the effectiveness of leadership styles before and during COVID-19 times.

On the whole, transformational leadership (TL) was found to have a greater impact on organizational effectiveness (OE) in comparison with EL in both pre-and during COVID-19 situations. Moreover, the effectiveness of TL significantly increased and the same decreased for EL during COVID-19. Additional analyses indicated that TL was effective for the private sector and EL for public sector organizations during COVID-19.

The study has not considered the mediating mechanisms of employee motivation, engagement and performance in the relationship between transformational and EL styles and OE, which can be explored in the future.

These results have important implications for private and public sector organizations and suggest that the adoption of a TL style will generate better results in the private sector and an EL style in public sector organizations to achieve OE in uncertain situations such as COVID-19.

The study shows that leadership with more care and concern for humanity tends to perform better in terms of generating results for OE. Therefore, both transformational and EL are based on individualized consideration for employees and are effective during COVID-19 in private and public sector organizations in Pakistan.

The study has carried out the comparative analyses in three different ways, including leadership styles (transformational and ethical), type of organization (private and public) and time frames (pre and during COVID-19), which is a true contribution of the research in the Pakistani context.

Financial inclusion is more than just granting access to financial services; it involves fostering individuals’ overall financial health and prosperity. Financial inclusion has gained significant importance for policymakers and academia in the preceding two decades. It encourages individuals by extending ownership of their financial situation and empowering them to make well-informed decisions regarding their future. The literary work highlights the importance of financial inclusion in promoting prosperity and progress in society. Furthermore, the psychological effects of financial inclusion are addressed with an emphasis on reducing anxiety and stress associated with accessing necessary financial resources and increasing experiences of financial assurance and trust. Finally, the current condition of financial inclusion and ongoing initiatives to improve it is discussed with a regional focus on Asia. The idea of the empowered consumer is introduced, along with a discussion of how financial inclusion may enlighten customers, making them more knowledgeable and engaged members of the financial market. Finally, the conclusion presents a global perspective of underdeveloped nations, emphasizing the imperative requirement for financial integration in these places and the potential benefits it can provide. The chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of financial inclusion, its significance, and its psychological effects on people and their communities, particularly in Asia and developing nations.

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the trade credit financing as antecedents to firm performance in Pakistan, a transition economy having high level of openness in environment using sample data from firms following Sharia principles using Sharia compliance principles.

This study investigated the significance of the trade credit behavior in influencing financial performance of nonfinancial firms which have adopted Sharia principles in their business activities by incorporating feasible generalized least square estimator technique on panel data model from 2010 to 2020. The variables data was extracted from the Pakistan Securities Exchange website for the period 2010–2020. Meanwhile, this study has also taken into consideration the role of bank size in shaping the relation under consideration.

The statistical outcomes from the used model support the strong impact of the existence of trade credit in determining a firm’s financial performance. Results also highlight that profitable firms with high involvement in trade credit can boost their performance by optimal utilization of trade credit sources. However, the acquisition of bank loans for firms having no operational needs can disturb their financial health and ultimately threaten performance. This relationship is more evident for large-size firms.

The given analysis suggests the managers from the corporate sector that before making any arrangements for trade credit, they must have to compare the availability of the financing structure from bank as it offers a strong monetary back for any financial imbalance.

Briefly, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study would be the first to address the trade credit behavior keeping in view the sample data from firms following Islamic Shariah principles using SAC quantitative approach. Further, the proven analysis demonstrates novel contribution that efficient use of trade credit (based on Islamic Shariah principles) into business activities might strengthen corporate firms’ financial efficiency.