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Brazil uses the dollar as a vehicle currency to invoice its exports. This fact produces a tendency toward equalizing the prices of products in dollars in the international market and reducing the ability of firms to practice pricing-to-market (PTM). This study aims to evaluate the hypothesis by estimating error correction models in panel data, obtaining estimates of PTM for 25 manufacturing products exported by Brazil between 2010 and 2020.

This study uses the correlated common effect estimator proposed by Pesaran (2006) and Chudik and Pesaran (2015b) to estimate the PTM coefficients.

Results of this study indicate that exporters practice local-currency pricing stability for dollar prices. This study obtains that Brazilian exporters tend to stabilize their dollar price for exports, reducing heterogeneity between destination markets. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis of the prevalence of the coalescing effect of Goldberg and Tille (2008) and lower sensitivity of the markup adjustment to the specific market, as pointed out by Corsetti et al. (2018). The pricing of Brazilian exports in dollars reflects a profit maximization strategy that considers an international price system based on global demand for products.

In addition to analyzing the dollar role in the pricing of Brazilian exports through the triangular decomposition, this study also shows the importance of examining the cross-section dependence of errors, considering the heterogeneous cointegration in export pricing models and producing PTM estimates for short-term and long-term.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hysteresis hypothesis for the price and quantity of Brazilian imports in recent years.

The empirical measure of strong macro hysteresis, as developed by Piscitelli et al., was incorporated into import demand and pass‐through panel cointegration equations.

The results show that the number of sectors that do not reject hysteresis is larger for the import price than for the demand for imported goods. The evidence supports Dixit's idea that the presence of hysteresis should diminish the degree of pass‐through. Correcting for hysteresis makes quantity and price of imports more sensitive to exchange rate variations.

This paper contributes to the literature by introducing Piscitelli et al.'s measure to test the hysteresis hypothesis in import prices and quantity.