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Carbon emission is one of the most important issues threatening the existence of the world. Mostly carbon emission induced climate change disrupts human and nature balance. Carbon emission occurs as a result of practices that are dependent on human activities or not. One of the actors causing carbon emissions is production companies. The companies are working toward reducing carbon emissions. However, although these efforts reduce carbon emissions in the short term, carbon emissions continue in the long term. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the importance of carbon emission in terms of sustainable economic development. Depending on this purpose, production companies in Chile were included in the scope of research for 1990–2019. Based on these data, the study has been tested by Toda Yamamoto causality analysis. Result shows that carbon emissions are not the primary cause of sustainable economic development. In this context, governments need to focus on other issues that have a stronger causal relationship with sustainable economic development. However, studies should be conducted to determine the importance of other activities of companies for sustainable economic development. Hereby, the amount of carbon emission will be reduced and deficiencies in factors affecting sustainable economic development will be identified.

Innovation means innovation. It enables companies to grow and compete with other companies. However, innovation studies also increase the welfare level of the countries. One of the most important topics in innovation studies is research and development (R&D). R&D enables companies to identify their current problems and lay the groundwork for new products and services. In this way, it contributes to the profit of the companies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of innovation on the share value of the company. In the study, the data are collected from Turkey during the period 1991–2019. However, the study was tested by Engle–Granger Cointegration analysis. As a result, it has been determined that there is a long-term relationship between R&D expenditures and the company’s share value. In this context, companies need to focus on R&D expenditures to increase their share values. For this issue, they need to increase their liquidity. In addition, the R&D departments in the company need to be increased. Companies need to prepare a separate budget for R&D studies.