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Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new nano-scale transistor-less computing model. To address the scaling limitations of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, QCA seeks to produce general computation with better results in terms of size, switching speed, energy and fault-tolerant at the nano-scale. Currently, binary information is interpreted in this technology, relying on the distribution of the arrangement of electrons in chemical molecules. Using the coplanar topology in the design of a fault-tolerant digital comparator can improve the comparator’s performance. This paper aims to present the coplanar design of a fault-tolerant digital comparator based on the majority and inverter gate in the QCA.

As the digital comparator is one of the essential digital circuits, in the present study, a new fault-tolerant architecture is proposed for a digital comparator based on QCA. The proposed coplanar design is realized using coplanar inverters and majority gates. The QCADesigner 2.0.3 simulator is used to simulate the suggested new fault-tolerant coplanar digital comparator.

Four elements, including cell misalignment, cell missing, extra cell and cell dislocation, are evaluated and analyzed in QCADesigner 2.0.3. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that the logical function of the built circuit is accurate. In the presence of a single missed defect, this fault-tolerant digital comparator architecture will achieve 100% fault tolerance. Also, this comparator is above 90% fault-tolerant under single-cell displacement faults and is above 95% fault-tolerant under single-cell missing defects.

A novel structure for the fault-tolerant digital comparator in the QCA technology was proposed used by coplanar majority and inverter. Also, the performance metrics and obtained results establish that the coplanar design can be used in the QCA circuits to produce optimized and fault-tolerant circuits.

This paper develops a probabilistic approach though event trees for the scenarios and Monte-Carlo simulation for the propagation of uncertainties (e.g. in input parameters, models) concerning the evaluation of time and consequences of the failure of structural elements in fires. The time to failure is the output of specific deterministic two zone models (e.g. Ozone) following current regulatory guidelines for possible fire scenarios and input parameters for the design of restrained and unrestrained beams. As a consequence, probabilistic distributions of times replace fixed times to failure of structural elements. These probability distributions are combined in event trees to determine the risk curve for different scenarios, design parameters and fire safety systems such as detection, sprinklers and insulation of beams. The consequence in the risk curve is represented by the magnitude of the probability to failure whereas the associated likelihood is calculated for all possible scenarios. The results allow the relative risk assessment of different design alternatives and the underpinning of sensitive parameters.

This paper aims to study the influence of aerodynamics force of trains passing each other on the dynamic response of vehicle bridge coupling system based on numerical simulation and multi-body dynamics and put forward the speed threshold for safe running of train under different crosswind speeds.

The computational fluid dynamics method is adopted to simulate the aerodynamic force in the whole process of train passing each other by using dynamic grid technology. The dynamic model of vehicle-bridge coupling system is established considering the effects of aerodynamic force of train passing each other under crosswind, the dynamic response of train intersection on the bridge under crosswind is computed and the running safety of the train is evaluated.

The aerodynamic force of trains' intersection has little effects on the derailment factor, lateral wheel-rail force and vertical acceleration of train, but it increases the offload factor of train and significantly increases the lateral acceleration of train. The crosswind has a significant effect on increasing the derailment factor, lateral wheel-rail force and offload factor of train. The offload factor of train is the key factor to control the threshold of train speed. The impact of the aerodynamic force of trains' intersection on running safety cannot be ignored. When the extreme values of crosswind wind speed are 15 m·s⁻¹, 20 m·s⁻¹ and 25 m·s⁻¹, respectively, the corresponding speed thresholds for safe running of train are 350 km·h⁻¹, 275 km·h⁻¹ and 200 km·h⁻¹, respectively.

The research can provide a more precise numerical method to study the running safety of high-speed trains under the aerodynamic effect of trains passing each other on bridge in crosswind.

Thriving brand communities are inseparable from engaged members and their word-of-mouth behavior. The purpose of this paper is to investigate which customer experience elevates customer engagement and consequent word-of-mouth intention in online brand communities, and how.

From the perspective of service ecosystem theory, a framework with several hypotheses was proposed. The model was verified with structural equation modeling based on questionnaire data collected from smartphone communities in China.

Empirical results indicate that customer experience promotes community engagement, and further enhances word-of-mouth intention. Furthermore, the mediating effect of community engagement in the relation between customer experience (social support and flow) and word-of-mouth intention has been verified.

This paper informs practitioners about the importance of experience co-creation with community members in brand and community promotion, and provides several implications to encourage more engaged customers with fostering pleasant customer experiences.

This study contributes to the theory of service ecosystem by empirical examination of its several propositions in a brand community context. The paper extends the present theory with the discussion of the mediation effect of community engagement in the continuing value co-creation process.

It is a very prominent problem that Chinese universities lack school-running characteristics. In the past ten years, because of undergraduate teaching assessment requirements of the Ministry of Education, universities attach great importance to school-running characteristics. What is the reality and how to improve the effectiveness of creating the school-running characteristics of universities? It is a problem that needs to be solved. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues.

Using the survey method, literature study, case studies and other methods, this study reviewed ten years of school-running characteristics construction and explored some laws of creating school-running characteristics.

This study found although universities in China are beginning to attach great importance to the school-running characteristics, but they are still staying in the summarization of characteristics. School-running characteristics are very rough. Creating school-running characteristics are mainly efforts responding to the superior government. Creating school-running characteristics should be based on category characteristic. Universities need to change in competition and create characteristics within its history and culture. Universities need to refine the core idea of education, develop a big picture and then renew them in the assessment cycle.

The originality of this study was that it put forward some new laws including changing from summarizing to creating its own school-running characteristics, putting category characteristic as the prerequisite and considering the core idea of education as the focus of school-running characteristics. This research will enrich the theory building of higher education research and has some value in promoting the creation of school-running characteristics.

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the indigenous concept of suzhi at individual and organizational levels, and identify its dimensions for human resource management (HRM) research and practice in China.

Based on a comprehensive review of suzhi literature, Chinese cultural and historical literature, as well as Western mainstream HRM research, a multidimensional suzhi framework is conceptualized.

As an indigenous expression, suzhi can be and has been adopted for Chinese HRM research and practice. As a multidimensional construct, one’s cognitive suzhi is jointly determined by corresponding moral suzhi, wenhua (knowledge-based) suzhi and zhuanye (professional) suzhi. Cognitive suzhi, in turn, determines one’s behavioral suzhi that drives employees to enhance organizational performance, and this relationship is moderated by psychological suzhi.

The proposed framework provides new insight for Chinese indigenous management research, particularly in developing suzhi measurement for different dimensions. It also informs HRM practices in recruiting, selection, performance analysis and employee career development.

The complexity of suzhi dimensions from an organizational HRM perspective is analyzed. The resulting suzhi framework offers new insight for HRM research and practices in China.

The connection between digital manufacturing technologies (Industry 4.0) and the environment has sparked discussions on firms' disclosure of negative information on pollutant emissions and the pursuit of positive environmental outcomes. However, very few studies explore how it relates to a firm's robot usage and its mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of robot penetration on firms' environmental governance in China.

The ordered probit model (and probit model) are employed and empirically tested with a sample of 1,579 Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2019.

The study reveals a negative relationship between robot usage and the disclosure of negative indicators and a U-shaped relationship between robot usage and positive environmental outcomes. Among the sample, nonstate-owned enterprises (SOEs) display unsatisfactory performance, while heavily polluting industries disclose more information on pollutant emissions. The robot–environmental governance nexus is conditional on firm size, capital intensity and local economic development.

The study proposes a fresh view of corporate environmental governance to assess the environmental implications of robot adoption. It also contributes to identifying the curvilinear, moderating and heterogenous effects in the robot–environment nexus. The results provide rich policy implications for the development of industrial intelligence and corporate environmental governance in the circular economy (CE) context.

The main purpose of this study is to summarize the key literature about research on customer experience, understand the evolution of research hotspots in this research field, build a general theoretical framework on customer experience research and finally point out directions for future research in customer experience.

Using CiteSpace V software which is a scientific measurement tool, this study conducts a systematic analysis of relevant literature on customer experience, and develops a general framework of customer experience research based on analysis of time-zone of citations and time-line visual knowledge map of keywords.

Based on the results of the authors’ analysis, this study found that customer experience research mainly includes the following three research areas: (1) Research on the definition and extension of customer experience; (2) Research on the influencing factors of customer experience: from both enterprise perspective and customer perspective; (3) Research on the outcomes and consequences of customer experience. The authors also analyzed the research methods used in customer experience research and found that quantitative research method based on regression model was most commonly used. Finally, the authors identified gaps in the current literature and put forward the directions for future research from four aspects: to further the understanding of the concept of customer experience; to identify more relevant influencing factors of customer experience; to explore the outcomes and consequences of customer experience; and to diversify research methods in customer experience research.

Overall, this study not only provides an important reference for further research in the field of customer experience, but also offers important insights to the practice.

In recent years, the application of metaheuristics in training neural network models has gained significance due to the drawbacks of deterministic algorithms. This paper aims to propose the use of a recently developed “memory based hybrid dragonfly algorithm” (MHDA) for training multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model by finding the optimal set of weight and biases.

The efficiency of MHDA in training MLPs is evaluated by applying it to classification and approximation benchmark data sets. Performance comparison between MHDA and other training algorithms is carried out and the significance of results is proved by statistical methods. The computational complexity of MHDA trained MLP is estimated.

Simulation result shows that MHDA can effectively find the near optimum set of weight and biases at a higher convergence rate when compared to other training algorithms.

This paper presents MHDA as an alternative optimization algorithm for training MLP. MHDA can effectively optimize set of weight and biases and can be a potential trainer for MLPs.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the efforts of an ethnic Miao migrant worker association to recreate and engage with festivals both in the host society of the Pearl River Delta and back home in Southeastern Guizhou province of Southwest China. It analyzes how and under what conditions the disadvantaged migrant workers collectively demonstrate and assert their cultural identity in festival activities, rekindling and strengthening their ethnic consciousness.

Based on ethnographic field data, this study focuses on the connections between migrant workers’ lives in modern host societies and their traditional culture back home. Special attention is paid to the temporal dynamics of migrant workers’ cultural identity and socio-economic development.

The leaders of the Miao migrants’ association created network linkages to channel the flow of labor, capital and culture between the host society and the migrants’ hometown, and made efforts to secure institutional embeddedness at both ends of the flow. Their use of festivals and related heritage as cultural capital has facilitated the cultivation of network linkages and institutional embeddedness for economic advancement and overcoming ethnic prejudices and institutional disadvantages.

By illustrating how the economic development has been imbricated with culture, this research enhances understanding about the role of network linkage and institutional embeddedness in the flow of labor, capital and culture between host society and home place of migrant communities.